How Much Oxygen Does One Tree Produce

Youve probably heard that trees produce oxygen, but have you ever wondered just how much oxygen one tree makes? The amount of oxygen produced by a tree depends on several factors, including its species, age, health, and surroundings. A tree produces a different amount of oxygen in summer compared to winter. So, there is no definitive value. Here are some typical calculations: A mature leafy tree produces as much oxygen in a season as 10 people inhale in a year. A single mature tree can absorb carbon dioxide at a rate of 48 pounds per year and release enough oxygen back into the atmosphere to support two human beings.​ One acre of trees annually consumes the amount of carbon dioxide equivalent to that produced by driving an average car for 26,000 miles. That same acre of trees also produces enough oxygen for 18 people to breathe for a year.​ A 100-foot tree, 18 inches diameter at its base, produces 6,000 pounds of oxygen. On average, one tree produces nearly 260 pounds of oxygen each year. Two mature trees can provide enough oxygen for a family of four. Mean net annual oxygen production (after accounting for decomposition) per hectare of trees (100% tree canopy) offsets oxygen consumption of 19 people per year (8 people per acre of tree cover), but ranges from nine people per hectare of canopy cover (4 people/ac cover) in Minneapolis, Minnesota, to 28 people/ha cover (12 people/ac cover) in Calgary, Alberta. Notes About Numbers Note there are three ways to look at the amount of oxygen produced: One type of calculation simply looks at the average amount of oxygen produced via photosynthesis.A second calculation looks at net oxygen production, which is the amount made during photosynthesis minus the amount the tree uses.A third calculation compares the net oxygen production in terms of gas available for humans to breathe. Its also important to remember that trees not only release oxygen but also consume carbon dioxide. However, trees perform photosynthesis during daylight hours. At night, they use oxygen and release carbon dioxide. Sources McAliney, Mike. Arguments for Land Conservation: Documentation and Information Sources for Land Resources Protection, Trust for Public Land, Sacramento, CA, December  1993.Nowak, David J.; Hoehn, Robert; Crane, Daniel E. Oxygen Production by Urban Trees in the United States. Arboriculture Urban Forestry 2007. 33(3):220–226.Stancil, Joanna Mounce. The Power of One Tree - The Very Air We Breathe. U.S. Department of Agriculture. March 17, 2015.Villazon, Luis. How many trees does it take to produce oxygen for one person? BBC Science Focus Magazine.

Archaeology Has Proved the Historicity of the Trojan...

Archaeology has proved the historicity of the Trojan War. Discuss Â… he [Heinrich Schliemann] found layers of ruins Â… and two bore unmistakable signs of violent destruction. One of these layers, the seventh according to more recent excavators, was no doubt the city of Priam and Hector. The historicity of the Homeric tale had been demonstrated archaeologically. - M.I. Finley, the World of Odysseus Introduction The Trojan War and its characters are detailed in the writings of Homer, Vergil, Dante and many others. It is a fantastical tale of a decade-long siege of a powerful city by a massive pan-hellenic force. However, even though it has proved to be such a rich source of inspiration for writers, poets and artists throughout†¦show more content†¦These incidents of divine intervention were added in order to add further drama and emphasise the scale of the struggle for victory. I personally think that Heroditus version of the Trojan War is the closest to the truth. When he was writing his Histories he had access to sources we did not, like the priests he mentioned in the above quotation. His version of events, though it may not be completely accurate, is highly feasible and fits with our existing knowledge of the Mycenaean period. Archaeological evidence If Homers writings are central to our understanding of the Trojan War, so are Heinrich Schliemanns digs. His name is synonymous with Troy. Fascinated with Homer, he made it his mission to discover Troy, and eventually did. However, his problems with convincing his fellow academics and archaeologists that he had indeed Troy is similar to the problem we have with defining what the Trojan War actually is. Homers Trojan War could not have possibly happened as it is laid out in the Iliad and the Odyssey. There are jarring incongruities between what happens in his epics, and what happened in that period of Greek history. In like manner, if Apollo vouchsafe me glory and I slay your champion, I will strip him of his armour and take it to the city of Ilius, where I will hang it in the temple of Apollo, but I will give up his body, that the Achaeans may bury him at their ships, and the build him a mound by the wide waters of

Social Policy in New Zealand

Question: Discuss about the disability issuesin New Zealand. Answer: Introduction: The issue related to the disability is very prominent in New Zealand for the past few decades. The person with the disable features tends to be treated on the individual level and the appropriate cure is required to be taken simultaneously. The government also tries to support the disable people and provide varied types of assistance to them, so that they can survive easily. In fact, the government also defines the suitable plans to solve the appropriate issues. The issues like equity in service provision, caregiver issues, international policy related and employment issues are planned by the government of New Zealand in an appropriate manner. The main purpose of the essay is to identify the major issues related to the disability in the New Zealand. As the issues related to the disability are considered as the long lasting issues and its not only affecting the social aspects, but affecting the economic aspects as well, so it becomes essential to find out the appropriate solution for this. Other than this, to clarify the topic more in detail, the state, voluntary, market identification, significant changes and reforms are also being defined thoroughly.(Office of Disability issues, 2014) Identification of the Issue: For most of the 20th century, the person with single disability and multiple disabilities are considered as the inherent problem of an individual. There are various evidences and some of the examples are also being defined for the issue of the disability. In various academic literature and the research papers, the examples are also defined which is helpful in solving the suitable issues. There are two models also defining for the issues. In the previous times, the Medical Model is defined according to which the disability issues are curable. But to overcome this, the social model was introduced which implies the aspects in the social context and institutional practices. (tatou, 2014). This model would be helpful in improving the major aspects related to the disability issues. There are various major issues which are defined on the disability. Firstly, the social model believes in the process of capacity building, the issues is that the government needs to be prepared themselves for more ideas with the agenda to solve the issues related to the capacity building. Secondly, the issues are generated when the same employment opportunities are being provided to the disable people and the non disable or normal people depend on their deservance. Similarly, the third issue is related to the providing the personal assistance to the disable people and their families rather than the normal people. All these individual issues are related to the disability issues, which are being observed in the New Zealand. To solve these aspects, there are various methods and the plans which are introduced and helpful in making the process easier. State, Voluntary and market identification: The state of disability issue in the initial days were very miserable. The ministry of the social policy in the New Zealand proclaims that approximately 11% of the people show their dependency on the wider level. With the changing society trend, the state of the disability aspect requires to get changed under various reforms and the changes which is under developmental aspects can be improved on the wider level(United Nation Human Rights, 2014). The ministry of social development is still focusing on the major aspects related to the process and trying to avoid the negative situations as soon as possible. The Voluntary sector is the aspect in which the suitable policies and the solutions are being provided by the different sectors, which are offering the suitable solutions to the disability issues. The revenue department of the New Zealand Voluntarily comes forward for the moral initiative to promote this. Through that regime, they provide the exemption from the tax to the disable people. By this, the employment aspects are getting stronger and appropriate. Similarly, the social development department provides the disability allowances and the financial assistance to the people who are facing the issues relate to the disability. This is considered under the category of the voluntary activities and by this, the suitable assistance is also being provided to the disable people. The department of the Labor situated in the New Zealand also propounded its voluntary activities by providing the appropriate assistance in the policies and the rules related to the services. In contrast to the di sability issues, the market identification is also considered as important, because the appropriate market will be helpful to provide the suitable assistance and support for the disable people (American Psychological association). All the important markets, which are helpful in promoting the aspects related to the disability issues can be considered on the wider level. By selecting all these aspects as per the requirement, the disability issues can be solved to the larger extend. Significant changes and Reforms: As it is defined in the paragraphs above that there are various disability issues introduced in the New Zealand. To avoid the changes, there are various policies, committees and the process are defined on the wide level. These policies are helpful in bringing the significant changes and the reforms in the process of the disability. The major reforms and the changes through policies are defined below with their well defined objectives. The introduction of the social model is considered as the most important change which is identified in the disability issues. The social model possesses two basic approaches which are related to the right based approach and the community based approach. Both of these approaches are helpful in solving the issues related to the disability in the New Zealand. The right based approach mainly believes in the process of the capacity building, in which the policy planning, evaluation and the research aspects are considered as important. While in contrast to the community based approach, the Society and its appropriate values are helpful in enhancing the suitable qualities. In fact, there are various aspects related to the capacity building which are helpful in enhancing the skills related to the disability issues. Some of the common skills are providing the best education facility for the disabled people, employment opportunity provided to the people, providing the foster leadership to the disable people and many other different types of facilities (Stace, 2015). The social model is considered as the key model which is helpful in bringing the major changes in the life of the disable people. Other than this, there is another policy introduced which relates to the Disability Support Advisory Committee (DSAC). This particular committee also helps in introducing the suitable changes in the society and the life of the common people. The major objectives related to the DSAC are the attitudinal changes which provide the social assistance to the people, appropriate policy and the planning which are helpful in changing the aspects related to the policy development, strong and effective communication which assists in coordinating with the people easily and working on the inter sectoral basis, so that the barriers related to the participation of he disable people can be removed easily. The other significant change or reform related to the disability issue in New Zealand, is aimed to sort out by propagating the suitable model known as the New Model for he DSS, which was introduced in May 2010. This new model would be helpful in identifying the current challenges and also targeted to remove in a well defined manner. The cross government issues, the issues related to the disabled people, chronic diseases and many other aspects can only be solved by implementing the appropriate solution in the positive direction. The changes or reforms which can be introduced to make the changes are providing early intervention and the rehabilitation, enabling the mobility and access community around, improvement in the supports to make live possible and many other aspects are helpful in improving the standard of living of the disable people. There are various other factors which are helpful in improving the process. To change the aspect of the disability, the appropriate steps should also be taken. Conclusion: By assuming the various aspects and the observations above, it is quite clear that the disability issues is the considered as the most prominent area to be focused. The factors and the causes which are responsible or the disability issues should find out about the rapid level and should be tried to remove as soon as possible. The government of the New Zealand is continuously looking forward for the new plans and opportunity to the disable people. But, as the area of disability is considered as the most miserable area, so more improved plans should be prepared to solve the issues in an easy way. It is recommended that the identification of the suitable policies should be done on an appropriate level. The human rights commission of the New Zealand is also trying hard to achieve the appropriate targets. These targets are mainly working in favor of the disable people. Also, the role of the government bodies is also considered on the very wide level. Without the government help, the futur e aspects relate to the disability issues cannot be fulfilled. References American Psychological association. (n.d.). Disability Issues Office. Office of Disability issues. (2014, May). Disability in New Zealand: A changing perspective. Stace, H. (2015, February 15). Disability Policy in New Zealand. tatou, K. (2014). Information and Guide for Implementation of the New Zealand. United Nation Human Rights. (2014). Issues related to disability policy.

Strength and Racism in The Secret Life of Bees Essay Example For Students

Strength and Racism in The Secret Life of Bees Essay Martin Luther King once said, â€Å"I have a dream that my four little children will one day live in a nation where they will not be judged by the color of their skin, but by the content of their character.† Sue Monk Kidd’s novel The Secret Life of Bees fully embodies his idea of equality, by introducing the story of a fourteen-year-old white girl named Lily Owens, who lives during the time of the Civil Rights Movement in South Carolina. Lily’s mother was killed in an accident when Lily is a little girl. Ever since, she lives with her father T-Ray, and her black surrogate mother, Rosaleen, in Sylvan, South Carolina. Soon after her fourteenth birthday, Lily escapes to the Boatwright sisters’ house in Tiburon, South Carolina, with Rosaleen, who is arrested for assaulting a white man. We will write a custom essay on Strength and Racism in The Secret Life of Bees specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now Upon her arrival, Lily faces different racist situations and meets her first love, a handsome black boy named Zach. The novel The Secret Life of Bees demonstrates that although racism has a negative impact on everyday life, it also influences Zach and Lily’s development in a positive manner.The segregation in South Carolina happens everywhere and every day. Indeed, racism is manifested through the media, the law, which legitimizes segregation, and the perceptions that white and black people have of each other. Because of the laws against colored people, Rosaleen, as a black woman, lives with constraints in her life. For example, she cannot live in a house with white people (Kidd, p. 8), she cannot represent Lily at the charm school (Kidd, p.19), or even to travel with a car with white people (Kidd, p.76). The media is also influenced by racism, and constantly shows news about segregation such as the case of Martin Luther King, who is arrested because he wan. .mes out of jail, there is a â€Å"heated, charged, part† inside Zach (Kidd, 311), which motivates him to become a lawyer, and †bust white ass† (Kidd, 311). With Lily’s help he overcomes his anger (Kidd, 331). He understands his anger, and transforms it into motivation to get high grades (Kidd, p.332). In sum, this shows the obstacles created by racism in Zach’s life. Though, he becomes angrier towards white people, he does not use violence. However, Zach transforms his anger into motivation to go to college, and to become a lawyer. Finally, the novel The Secret life of Bees demonstrates the emotional maturity, and growth of the both Lily and Zach, during times of systematic racism. The novel authentically represents Civil Rights Movement’s time, and makes us realize how spiritually sad and dangerous these times were.Works CitedKidd, Sue Monk. The Secret Life of Bees

Shark Conservation essays

Shark Conservation essays The people's battle against the terrors of the sea And the sharks' fight to survive Shark populations have been hit hard lately. It remains to be seen whether tough new conservation measures will help them recover. - Conniff - In October 1992, a surfer named Rick Gruzinsky was attacked while surfing in Oahu. Only suffered minor scratches. Two weeks later, a shark killed an 18 year old body border off the beaches of Oahu. He bled to death on the beach. Earlier in 1992, also off Oahu, a surfer disappeared leaving behind only a surf board with a huge bite mark. A few months before that, a tiger shark killed a woman by tearing off her limbs while snorkeling, off Maui. An Angry Posse Goes After The Killers - The Fight Against Or For Sharks The public's reaction to these attacks was in part predictable. Parents kept their children out of the water, and the legislature debated "tiger shark eradication," and the tourist industry was scared out of their minds. The state of Hawaii sent out a posse to dispatch any large sharks it could find in areas where the attacks were recorded. The outcry on behalf of the sharks was at least as loud as the clamor against them. The rate of attack was determined not by how many sharks you took out of the ocean, but how many people you put in it. Around 8 million people use the beaches of Hawaii each year, and only a minuscule 2.4 attacks are averaged. The annual toll of 30 or 40 deaths are by drowning. Public also took a stand on behalf of the sharks Under pressure , the state ultimately diverted much of its control money to conduct research. Mixed feelings began surfacing everywhere people live with sharks. Widespread concern that shark populations have plummeted worldwide. South Africa, for example, declared the great white shark a protected species and imposed a ban on fishing for the creatures Australia has ban...

Balancing Family & Work Life Essay Example for Free

Balancing Family & Work Life Essay A. Thesis Statement Attending school as an adult, and maintaining a source of employment can be a daunting task, as many adults who had to delay their college education must know. One of the most challenging aspects of adult life consists of learning how to adjust accordingly to the rigors of life at home as well as the workplace. Failure to do so can lead to a life of complete disarray, stress, illness and exhaustion. II. Body Paragraph #1 – Topic Sentence #1 Traditionally the typical age group for freshmen in college was between 18 to 19 years of age. That reality has slowly changed as more young adults are finding their way back in the classroom, while holding down a job. The information I found in P.14 of the ebrary book: Families and Work: New Directions in the Twenty-First Century, by Fredriksen-Goldsen, Karen I. states: â€Å"Of the more than 69 million American parents with children under the age of 18 (Famighetti, 1998), almost 90 percent are employed (U.S. Bureau of the Census, 1998).† At the same time, there are working professionals attempting to achieve a college education in order to refine their skills, or to gain new ones. Among those working adults, young couples typically tend to have a harder time with managing the broad aspects of life, especially those who are in the early stages of their relationship, which has the potential to result in a lot of growing pains. The information found in an article from the following website; http://pods.dasnr.okstate.edu/docushare/dsweb/Get/Document-2421/T-2233web.pdf states: â€Å"Family and work settings have a built-in potential for conflict. Adults may get overwhelmed with the excessive demands that are required of them from either end of the spectrum, leaving them with the feeling of having very little time to accomplish those tasks.† Finding a balance between work and home involves finding ways of accomplishing the tasks at home as well as duties at work. Those responsibilities are often shared among couples in a healthy relationship. The equality of the shared house  chores, however, is up or debate. It has long been stated that the task of maintaining the home primarily fell on the woman’s shoulders, while the man focuses mainly on duties in the workplace. For some married couples, trying to get their husband to help with the housework typically led to domestic disputes. In recent years however, men have been getting more involved with parenting than ever before. A passage from (Giraffe 2011) states: â€Å"The recession of 2008 contributed to this arrangement because increased unemployment left more fathers available to care for their children and the reduced family income made outside childcare services unaffordable.† The traditional view of the American household should change because of an increase in the number of two-parent families entering the labor force. One of the primary services built around that change in society is the daycare system. Many of those two-parent families, as well as single parents may not have direct support from their families to take care of the children while they’re away at work. While some of the household work, such as childcare and housekeeping, has transitioned to outside providers, many working mothers cannot afford to employ these services (Giraffe, 2011). Unfortunately a big portion of their income goes to high daycare fees. III. Body Paragraph #2 – Topic Sentence #2 When the constants demands of life are far too much to bear, employees tend to feel the need to escape, and seek an alternate reality. We must look at the adverse effects that those long work hours have on the human body. Overworked individuals can suffer from work related illnesses as a result of excessive stress. Work related stress can result from extended hours due to mandatory overtime in some case. An employer’s rigid work hours which can prevent employees from tending to occasional issues at home can also be blamed for stress on the job. Employees suffering the effects of stress in the workplace tend to have bouts of absenteeism. Absenteeism in the workplace is a major issue, with tangible and intangible costs. Although the absentee loses wages in the process, the major loss is at the expense of the employer. The ebrary book by Lynn  Tylczak, (Attacking absenteeism 1990), describes the intangible costs of absenteeism as follows: â€Å"Absentee costs are difficult to quantify. Experts estimate direct wage loses of more than $30 billion per year, and that’s just the beginning. Employers also need to consider the costs of supplementary or replacement workers. These costs include: Regular wages, overtime wages, and company benefits Supplementary benefits, such as Social Security, worker’s compensation, and unemployment compensation Administration of recruitment, selection orientation, and training Penalty costs resulting from delays.† The author (Lynn T. 1990) also gives the following explanation from the tangible cost of absenteeism: â€Å"It forces managers to deal with problems of morale, discipline, job dissatisfaction, job stress, team spirit, productivity, turnover, production quality, additional administration and overhead.† Many employers have become more cognizant of the disastrous effects of having stressful employees in the workplace. This is not only calculated in monetary losses based on productivity, but also in the valuable asset (the employee) which could potentially offset those losses. IV. Body Paragraph #3 Topic sentence # 3 Those who value their time with their families certainly appreciate the value of being away from work. This is particularly why a lot of us look forward to our vacation time. It us the opportunity to recharge our batteries and gives us the courage to return to our regular lives. Many employers have adapted to the changes in society by implementing new ways for employees to earn vacation time from work. While some of us are comfortable being â€Å"working stiffs†, most people would rather look forward to their time away from work. An ebrary book by ANDERSON, NELS titled Work and Leisure states: â€Å"Although leisure reflects and supplements work, it is also used as a release from work. Some are of the view that unless a man has worked he cannot really enjoy leisure. They hold that while a man is working to earn a wage or salary, he also ‘earns’ leisure.† It is absolutely true that in order to fully enjoy our vacation time, we must work hard for it. That time of leisure can then be considered our reward for achieving the demands required of us in the workplace. Those who properly plan their vacation can benefit from sights  rarely seen in everyday life. Most people find it more beneficial to take their vacation in some exotic location. The topic on how to enjoy a proper vacation will vary from one employee to the next. V. Body Paragraph #4 Topic sentence # 4 Employers have devised lots of ways to keep valuable talent within their workforce, while allowing them time to accomplish their house work. Those arrangements can be profitable to the employer as well as the employee in some cases. Some of the sensible ways employers provide to employees are flextime, teleworking, and employee incentive just to name a few. Flextime is highly valuable to employees because it allows them to have more control over the balancing act of work and home life. It also provides them the option of choosing when to complete their work. Flextime allows employees to handle personal business such as doctor appointments or school functions without having to take sick leave or vacation time. Employers’ personnel needs are met and they get employees at their best. In highly skilled positions where competition for employees is fierce and employee turnover costly, flexible schedules can also reduce attrition by making employees more content with their jobs (Giraffe, 2011). Teleworking provides some lucky employees the opportunity to work remotely. With this system employees can either work from home or in some shared work spaces. In most cases employees would prefer to work from home because it is the ideal place to work from. This reduces the work commute, and the amount stress to the employee. It takes an especially disciplined employee to work from home, because of the constant distractions from home can cause the employee’s work performance to suffer. Employers must be careful when considering the type of employees they provide that opportunity to. Through teleworking, some employees do get to achieve balance between family and work life. Balancing Family & Work Life. (2016, Oct 18). We have essays on the following topics that may be of interest to you

A literature review of brand loyalty from marketing aspect

A of brand loyalty from marketing aspect - Literature review Example Having loyal customers reduces the firm’s marketing cost by approximately thirty percent, according to Rosenberg and Czepiel (1983), mostly because the cost of retaining old consumers is reduced. In addition, brand loyal clients are less price sensitive thus the are willing to pay more for the products as long as they are from their favourite brand, this is a strategy that Apple Inc has used for many years and is still profiting from their loyal consumers who flood to the Apple stores to get new products (Bennett and Thiele 2005). Generally, a sturdy brand name is the number one tool to control the market and to posses a competitive advantage which is essential for any business growth and thus brand loyalty offers a strategic asset that is identified as the leading source of brand equity (Fullerton 2005). This literature review will solemnly study brand loyalty which refers to maintaining old consumers due to their love, trust and faith in the firm’s products. The objectives of this review are to review the dimensions and measures of brand loyalty, the causes of brand loyalty decline, the root of decline in brand loyalty, the remedies and analyze both the merits and demerits of brand loyalty by bringing together thoughts and experiences from a variety of literature and pragmatic studies conducted in the area of brand loyalty. Brand loyalty can be defined either conceptually (abstract descriptions) or operationally (measurement methods). Based on research journals and several literatures worldwide, Jacoby and Chestnut (1978), presented the most elaborate conceptual definition of brand loyalty since it covers the most significant features of brand loyalty. â€Å"The biased, behavioural response expressed over time by some decision making unit with respect to one or more alternative brands out of a set of such brands and is a function of psychological